Steel Sheets
HR Sheet
Black mill-finish sheet to IS 1079, the heavy end of the flat rack, sold from the Saharsa godown and billed by weight.
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HR sheet is steel rolled flat while it is still hot, so it leaves the mill black with the mill scale on it and never with a finished face. Jay Shree Infra sells it from the Saharsa godown, in Tata Steel, whose hot rolled line here is Tata Astrum, and in SAIL. Loads go out in our own vehicles across Saharsa, Supaul and Madhepura. The specification behind it is IS 1079:2017, hot rolled carbon steel sheet, plate and strip, and that one standard covers all three of those words.
Sheet and plate come under that single standard, so the millimetres settle which of the two words a job wants and the word on its own settles nothing. A BIS licence for IS 1079 is written variety by variety, sheet, plate and strip each carrying its own thickness and width band on the licence paper. SAIL publishes its cut sizes the same way, sheets on one list and hot strip mill plates on another. Which mill's steel answers a size on a given day is still a question for the call. Cold rolled and galvanised plain sit beside it on the steel sheets page.
Sizes
Where the sheet list stops and the plate list starts
SAIL prints a rationalised list of hot rolled sheets off Bokaro and it runs 2, 2.5, 2.9, 3.15, 3.55 and 4 mm thick, 930 to 1400 mm wide, at 2500 mm long, with 4000 and 4500 mm lengths from 2.9 mm up. At 5 mm the same brochure stops using the word sheet. Hot strip mill plates begin there and go 5, 6, 8 and 10 mm, out to 1800 mm wide and 8000 mm long. So on that mill's own paper the change of word falls between 4 mm and 5 mm. Plate rolled on a plate mill instead is a separate family, opening thicker again, and it is racked with the structural sections.
Coil is what a cut sheet is cut from and the coil band is wider than either list. Bokaro's published coil sizes run 2 mm to 16 mm thick. Rourkela's second hot strip mill lists 1.6 mm at the thin end and 25 mm at the thick, in widths out to 2100 mm. A sheet order is a cut somebody has to agree to: give us the thickness, the width, the length and how many pieces, and the answer against those four comes back on the same call.
Kis kaam me lagta hai
Heavy fabrication is the work: machinery, tanks, vehicle bodies, platforms and general engineering. The buyers are local fabricators, the larger fabrication shops, thekedars and project construction companies. Grill and gate work does not start here; that is flats and angles off the structural steel rack. A body, a tank, a base plate or a bracket starts with a sheet cut to a size.
What a sheet cannot tell you is its own thickness. That comes off the drawing, off the tender, or off the piece being replaced, and a vernier on the old piece gives it faster than any description does. Once the thickness is fixed the rest of the order is arithmetic, because the sheet is billed on its weight.
Serial 22, and where the mark sits on a bundle
Hot rolled carbon steel sheet is Serial No. 22 of Schedule 1 of the Steel and Steel Products (Quality Control) Order, 2024, notified as S.O. 3716(E) on 29 August 2024. The entry reads IS 1079:2017, hot rolled carbon steel sheet, plate and strip, and its date of implementation is with immediate effect. Nothing is taken out of it by size, which is where flat steel parts company with sariya: the bar entry leaves out everything under 8 mm and this one leaves out nothing. So the Standard Mark belongs on the material under a BIS licence, and a test certificate carrying that same mark travels with the consignment.
Where you look for it is the part worth knowing. SAIL marks its hot rolled sheets by painting the top sheet of the bundle, or by putting a sticker or a label on that top sheet, and on hot strip mill plate it laser marks every single piece. So a bundle is read off the sheet on top of it, and once the bundle has been broken the sheets under it carry nothing to read. The consignment certificate is the paper holding the cast or control unit number, the grade and the test results, and on tender work that is the one to ask for by name.
HR0 to HR4, and where a grade comes from
IS 1079 names its grades HR0, HR1, HR2, HR3 and HR4, and the BIS product manual for the standard arranges them in increasing order of formability, HR4 the highest and HR0 the lowest. A second group in the same manual runs ISH270C, ISH270D and ISH270E, arranged in increasing order of drawability. A thickness implies none of those. A grade arrives on a drawing or in a tender specification, and it is worth reading out on the call, because a mill's licence covers the grades written into it and no others.
SAIL lists IS 1079 among the common grades for its hot rolled sheets, with IS 5986 and IS 6240 beside it, and lists a different set against its hot strip mill plates. One mill can therefore send a sheet and a plate answering to two different Indian Standards. That is a second reason to read the number off the paper instead of describing the job.
The cut only runs over, and the weight is the bill
A sheet is billed on what it weighs, and the weight is length in metres times width in metres times thickness in millimetres times 7.85. That 7.85 is the density of steel, which is where sariya's 162 comes from too, worked out in full in the sariya weight chart. SAIL prints its rolling and cutting tolerances for hot rolled sheets against IS 1852, and on two of the three dimensions they run one way only. Up to 1250 mm the width tolerance is plus 6 mm and minus nothing. Up to 2500 mm the length is plus 25 mm and minus nothing, and over 2500 mm it is plus one percent of the length, capped at 70 mm. On those two dimensions a sheet cannot come in under the size ordered, and whatever it comes in over is carried on the weighed figure.
Thickness moves both ways, and it is the dimension the weight turns on. The brochure sends the sheet thickness tolerance to its coil and strip table, where the 3 to 5 mm band up to 1250 mm wide is allowed a quarter of a millimetre either side of nominal. On a 1250 by 2500 piece at 4 mm that quarter millimetre is about six kilos against ninety eight. So the weighed figure settles the bill and the sum done on the phone is an estimate of it.
Brand
Tata Astrum, named on this sheet
Tata Astrum is Tata Steel's hot rolled coil and sheet line, and it is the name attached to this sheet at our counter.
Astrum is Tata's own name for its hot rolled steel, published for automotive, railway, agriculture, appliance and general fabrication work. What is standing against a size on a given day is still a call, so bring the thickness and the width and we will say what answers it and in whose name. More of what Tata Steel puts on our racks is on the Tata Steel page.
Sources
Four documents behind these figures
Two of them are government publications and two are the mills' own pages. Every figure above came off one of the four.
- BIS product manual for IS 1079:2017, with the licence scope and the consignment certificateBureau of Indian Standards
- The Quality Control Order that puts IS 1079 in Schedule 1, as gazettedMinistry of Steel
- SAIL's hot strip mill brochure, with its sheet, plate and coil size listsSAIL
- Tata Astrum, Tata's hot rolled coil and sheet line, with its published grades and applicationsTata Steel
Questions
HR sheet ke sawal
HR sheet ko plate kab kehte hain?
On SAIL's hot strip mill list the word changes at 5 mm: hot rolled sheets are printed up to 4 mm and hot strip mill plates from 5 mm. Plate off a plate mill is a different family again and opens thicker. The standard forces no such break, so the millimetres are the answer and the noun is only a habit.
Test certificate ke saath maal aayega?
Under the Quality Control Order a test certificate bearing the Standard Mark travels with each consignment of BIS certified material to IS 1079, carrying the cast or control unit number, the grade, the quantity and the test results. Ask for it while the order is being placed. On tender work say at the start that the paper has to come with the load.
Ek sheet ka weight kaise nikalta hai?
A 1250 by 2500 piece at 4 mm comes to about 98 kg, and the published thickness tolerance is worth about six of those kilos either way. The sum behind that figure is set out in the pointer above. The sum is the estimate. The weighed figure is the bill.
HR sheet kis brand ki milegi?
Tata Steel's hot rolled line here is Tata Astrum, and that is the name attached to this sheet. SAIL is named too, for what it publishes about hot rolled steel and its own cut sizes. Tell us the thickness and the size, and what is standing against it and in whose name, comes back on the call.
Sheet mangwane ke liye kitne naap batane padenge?
Four: thickness in millimetres, then width, then length, then the number of pieces. Thickness leads because it sets the weight and the weight is the bill. A tender job adds two more, the grade and whether the test certificate has to travel with the load.
Contact
The millimetre before the word
Sheet and plate are one standard and two lists, so the noun will not place an order by itself. Say the thickness first, then the width and the length you want the piece cut to, then how many. The weight follows those four and the bill follows the weight.
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